diff --git a/steps/src/dom.js b/steps/src/dom.js
index e9d663b..915dc29 100644
--- a/steps/src/dom.js
+++ b/steps/src/dom.js
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ export function resetUIForNewLoad(isNewVideo = true) {
 
     // Reset the FPS counter state to prevent incorrect calculations on reload
     appState.fps = 0;
+    appState.lastOverlayUpdateTime = 0;
 
     // --- Conditional Video Reset ---
     if (isNewVideo || !videoPlayer.src) {
@@ -374,11 +375,21 @@ export function updatePersistentOverlays(currentMediaTime) {
        targetMsPerBlock = Math.min(40, Math.max(10, maxWindowIFT / 10));
     }
 
+    // --- START: Frame-Rate Independent Smoothing ---
+    // We use performance.now() to calculate a delta time for smooth animations
+    // across different monitor refresh rates.
+    const now = performance.now();
+    const dt = appState.lastOverlayUpdateTime ? now - appState.lastOverlayUpdateTime : 16.67;
+    appState.lastOverlayUpdateTime = now;
+
     // Smooth Interpolation (Lerp)
     // Move current scale towards the target.
     // If playing, use 0.1 (fast). If stopped, use 0.033 (slow, ~3x slower).
-    const smoothingFactor = appState.isPlaying ? 0.1 : 0.033;
-    appState.currentGraphScale += (targetMsPerBlock - appState.currentGraphScale) * smoothingFactor;
+    const baseSmoothing = appState.isPlaying ? 0.1 : 0.033;
+    const adjustedSmoothing = 1 - Math.pow(1 - baseSmoothing, dt / (1000 / 60));
+
+    appState.currentGraphScale += (targetMsPerBlock - appState.currentGraphScale) * adjustedSmoothing;
+    // --- END: Frame-Rate Independent Smoothing ---
 
     // If the scale hasn't converged yet and we are NOT playing (main loop not running),
     // request another frame to continue the smoothing animation.
diff --git a/steps/src/p5/radarSketch.js b/steps/src/p5/radarSketch.js
index 3b6b326..0fbf9b2 100644
--- a/steps/src/p5/radarSketch.js
+++ b/steps/src/p5/radarSketch.js
@@ -209,8 +209,11 @@ export const radarSketch = function (p) {
         if (framesDrawn === 10 || appState.fps === 0) {
           appState.fps = currentFps;
         } else {
-          const smoothingFactor = 0.95;
-          appState.fps = appState.fps * smoothingFactor + currentFps * (1 - smoothingFactor);
+          // --- START: Frame-Rate Independent FPS Smoothing ---
+          const baseFactor = 0.05; // Smoothing factor at 60 FPS
+          const adjustedFactor = 1 - Math.pow(1 - baseFactor, delta / (1000 / 60));
+          appState.fps = p.lerp(appState.fps, currentFps, adjustedFactor);
+          // --- END: Frame-Rate Independent FPS Smoothing ---
         }
       }
       lastFrameTime = currentTime;
@@ -375,13 +378,16 @@ export const radarSketch = function (p) {
         isFirstFrame = false;
       }
 
-      // The smoothing factor. A smaller value (e.g., 0.1) means more smoothing.
-      // This can be adjusted to feel more or less responsive.
-      const smoothingFactor = 0.5;
+      // --- START: Frame-Rate Independent Smoothing ---
+      // We use p.deltaTime to adjust the smoothing factor so that the animation
+      // speed remains consistent across different monitor refresh rates.
+      const baseSmoothing = 0.5; // Target smoothing at 60 FPS
+      const adjustedSmoothing = 1 - Math.pow(1 - baseSmoothing, p.deltaTime / (1000 / 60));
 
       // Linearly interpolate the smoothed position towards the actual mouse position.
-      smoothedMouseX = p.lerp(smoothedMouseX, p.mouseX, smoothingFactor);
-      smoothedMouseY = p.lerp(smoothedMouseY, p.mouseY, smoothingFactor);
+      smoothedMouseX = p.lerp(smoothedMouseX, p.mouseX, adjustedSmoothing);
+      smoothedMouseY = p.lerp(smoothedMouseY, p.mouseY, adjustedSmoothing);
+      // --- END: Frame-Rate Independent Smoothing ---
 
       // Use the smoothed coordinates for all subsequent zoom-related calculations.
       const hoveredItems = handleCloseUpDisplay(p, plotScales, smoothedMouseX, smoothedMouseY);
diff --git a/steps/src/p5/zoomSketch.js b/steps/src/p5/zoomSketch.js
index 9082119..f4142f3 100644
--- a/steps/src/p5/zoomSketch.js
+++ b/steps/src/p5/zoomSketch.js
@@ -219,7 +219,6 @@ export const zoomSketch = function (p) {
   appState.zoomFactor = 4; // Set a default zoom factor in the global state
 
   p.setup = function () {
-    p.frameRate(60);
     // We enable looping so the lerp smoothing can animate between frames
     p.loop();
   };
@@ -272,9 +271,14 @@ export const zoomSketch = function (p) {
         smoothedAvgX = targetAvgX;
         smoothedAvgY = targetAvgY;
       } else {
-        const smoothingFactor = 0.05; // Tweak this for more/less lag
-        smoothedAvgX = p.lerp(smoothedAvgX, targetAvgX, smoothingFactor);
-        smoothedAvgY = p.lerp(smoothedAvgY, targetAvgY, smoothingFactor);
+        // --- START: Frame-Rate Independent Smoothing ---
+        // We use p.deltaTime to adjust the smoothing factor so that the animation
+        // speed remains consistent across different monitor refresh rates.
+        const baseSmoothing = 0.05; // Target smoothing at 60 FPS
+        const adjustedSmoothing = 1 - Math.pow(1 - baseSmoothing, p.deltaTime / (1000 / 60));
+        smoothedAvgX = p.lerp(smoothedAvgX, targetAvgX, adjustedSmoothing);
+        smoothedAvgY = p.lerp(smoothedAvgY, targetAvgY, adjustedSmoothing);
+        // --- END: Frame-Rate Independent Smoothing ---
       }
     } else {
       smoothedAvgX = null;
diff --git a/steps/src/state.js b/steps/src/state.js
index b0b976d..805ecac 100644
--- a/steps/src/state.js
+++ b/steps/src/state.js
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export const appState = {
   lastFrameRenderTime: 0,
   lastVideoFrameTime: 0,
   videoFrameRenderTime: 0,
+  lastOverlayUpdateTime: 0, // Track time between overlay updates for smoothing
   useCustomTtcScheme: false, // Flag to switch between default and custom
   customTtcScheme: {
     // Default values match the UI